This drain consists of two elements — first, that arising from the remittances by European officials of their savings, and for their expenditure in England for their various wants both there and in India; from pensions and salaries paid in England; and from Government expenditure in England and India. And the second, that arising from similar remittances by non-official Europeans. As the drain prevents India from making any capital, the British by bringing back the capital which they have drained from India itself, secure almost a monopoly of all trade and important industries, and thereby further exploit and drain India,’ the source of the evil being the official drain (Naoroji 38).
Naoroji, Dadabhai. “Poverty of India.” Poverty and Un-British Rule in India. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1901, pp. 1-125.